一般過去時(shí)

一、概念

表示在的過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。通常在句子里找到表示過去時(shí)間的詞或詞組。如：yesterday，yesterday morning，yesterday afternoon，yesterday evening，the day before yesterday(前天)，last night，last week，last month， last year，a moment ago(剛才)，just now(剛才)， two days ago，a week ago，in 1990等。 如：I went to bed at eleven last night. 昨晚我11：00睡覺。

二、動詞過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)律

(一)規(guī)則動詞的過去式

1、一般情況下，在動詞原形后面加-ed;如：look→looked play→played;

2、以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動詞，在詞尾直接加-d;如：live→lived use→used;

3、以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的動詞，先將 y 改為i ,再加 –ed;如：study→studied, try→tried fly→flied

4、以重讀閉音節(jié)(即輔音+元音+輔音)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動詞，要先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母后，再加 –ed。如：stop→stoppedplan→planned;

(二)不規(guī)則動詞的過去式(后附不規(guī)則動詞變化表)

1、改變動詞中的元音;

begin→began drink→drank

come→cameeat→ate

grow→grewrun→ran

know→knew

win→won

speak→spoke

take→took

write→wrote

get→got

2、變詞尾的–d 為–t ;

build→built

lend→lent

send→sent

spend→spent

bend→bent

3、與動詞原形一樣;

cut→cut

put→put

cost→cost

hurt→hurt

shut→shut

4、變-ay 為-aid (少數(shù)動詞);

say→said

pay→paid

lay→laid

5、采用不同詞根;

sell→sold

teach→taught

buy→bought

6、其他。如：am/is→was are→were have/has→had do→did

三、句式變化

(一)一般過去時(shí)的一般疑問句

1、把was, were放在句首，其余位置不變。由Was…?引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句，肯定答為：Yes，… was. 否定回答為：No，…. wasn't. 由Were…?引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句，肯定回答為：Yes，… were. 否定回答為：No，… weren't. 如：

(1)I was born in Shanghai.

→Were you born in Shanghai?

→Yes, I was. (肯定回答)

→No, I wasn't. (否定回答)

(2)They were in Li Yan's home last night.

→Were they in Li Yan's home last night?

→Yes, they were. (肯定回答)

→No, they weren't. (否定回答)

2、在行為動詞的句子中，要用助動詞詞did來引導(dǎo)，其余的語序不變。要注意的是，要把行為動詞的過去式改為原形�？隙ɑ卮馂椋篩es, …did. 否定回答：No, …didn't. 如：

John played computer games last night.

→Did John play computer games last night?

→Yes, he did. (肯定回答)

→No, he didn't. (否定回答)

(二)一般過去時(shí)的否定句

1、在表示過去存在的狀態(tài)的句子中，相接在was, were的后面加上not。

如：(1)He was in the park the day before yesterday.

→He was not in the park the day before yesterday.

(2)We were busy last week.

→We were not busy last week.

2、在表示過去的時(shí)間發(fā)生的動作的句子中，要在行為動詞的前面加助動詞didn't.然后把過去式的行為動詞改為動詞原形。即：didn't + 動詞原形。

如:(1)She played the violin last night. →She didn't play the violin last night.

(2) They swam in the lake yesterday. →They didn't swim in the lake yesterday.

(三) 一般過去式的特殊疑問句

1.What did … ?(主要是詢問過去發(fā)生了什么事情，注意要把過去式改為動詞原形。)

We ate Chinese food last night.

→What did we eat last night?

2.Where did ?( 主要是詢問過去事情發(fā)生的地方。)

They sang and dance in the music room yesterday morning.

→Where did they sing and dance yesterday morning?

3.Who + 動詞過去式 … ?( 主要是詢問過去事情發(fā)生的人物。)

Mike and Tom climbed mountains last weekend.

→Who climbed mountains last weekend?

四、句子結(jié)構(gòu)

1、在表示某個(gè)時(shí)間里存在的狀態(tài)的句子，系動詞用過式was，were構(gòu)成。如：

(1)I was at home yesterday.　昨天我在家。

(2)We were in the gym just now. 剛才我們在體育館。

2、在表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動作，用動詞的過去式構(gòu)成。

如：I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜訪了我的叔叔。

3.各種句式

(1)一般過去時(shí)的肯定陳述句：

主語 + 動詞過去式 + 賓語或表語。

He worked in Shanghai ten years ago.

(2)一般過去時(shí)的否定句：

a.主語 + didn't + 動詞原形 + 賓語。 (did + not = didn't)

He didn't do morning exercises yesterday.

b.主語 + wasn't/weren't +表語。(was + not = wasn't were + not = weren't)

He wasn't an English teacher ten years ago.

(3)一般過去時(shí)的一般疑問句：

a.Did + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 賓語 ?

Did you study English in 1990 ?

b.Was/Were + 主語 + 表語 ?

Was he a pupil five years ago ?

(4)一般過去時(shí)的特殊疑問句：

a.特殊疑問詞 + did + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 賓語?

Where did your parents live five years ago?

What did you do last Sunday?

b.特殊疑問詞 + were/was + 表語?

Who was at the zoo yesterday?

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