現(xiàn)在完成時語法歸納總結(jié)及練習(含答案)

現(xiàn)在完成時表示發(fā)生在過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在完成或未完成的事情，對現(xiàn)在造成了某種影響或產(chǎn)生了某種結(jié)果。也表示到現(xiàn)在為止從未做過的事情。

現(xiàn)在完成時的謂語動詞構(gòu)成是：have/has+動詞的過去分詞(過去分詞用P.P.表示)，have/has叫助動詞，變成否定形式是：haven’t /hasn’t +過去分詞，變一般疑問句就是把have、has提到主語前面，標點用問號,用yes、no回答。例如：I have ever seenthe film before. I haven't seen the film. Have you seen the film before?Yes，I have. No, Ihaven't.

動詞的過去分詞的變化規(guī)則和過去式的規(guī)則是一樣的。分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。規(guī)則變化和動詞變過去式的方法一樣。不規(guī)則變化沒有一定的規(guī)律性，得需要背誦。

一：把下列動詞變成過去分詞：

1.enter _____ 2. afford _______ 3. invite______ 4. try ______

5. stop______ 6. smell _______ 7. send _____ 8. dream _____

9. do______ 10. get ______ 11.feel ______ 12. make _____

在學習現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)時，我們有時用一些詞加以強調(diào)或說明。如：just(剛剛，剛才)，already(已經(jīng)), ever(曾經(jīng)), never(從不), yet(還未). just一般用在肯定句中，放在have/has和過去分詞之間;already用于肯定句，放在have/has和過去分詞之間或句尾。ever一般沒有句式限制，放在have/has和過去分詞之間;never表示否定意義，放在have/has和過去分詞之間;yet用于否定句或疑問句句尾，在否定句中一般翻譯為：“已經(jīng)”，在疑問句中一般翻譯為：“尚，還未”。另外還有一些詞也可用于現(xiàn)在完成時，如：before(以前)，一般放在句尾。so far(到目前為止)，可放句首也可放句尾。recently(最近)一般放句首。以上這些詞是現(xiàn)在完成時的標志詞，見到這些詞可用現(xiàn)在完成時。

二：把下列句子變成否定句和一般疑問句。

1.I have done some pizza.

I ______ _______ any pizza.

_____ you _____ any pizza?

2.David has ever seen the film before.

David _____ ever ______ the film before.

_____David ever _____ the film before?

3.The spaceship has already arrived Mars.

The spaceship _____ _____ Mars _____.

_____the spaceship _____ Mars _____?

二:用just，before，so far，never，already, yet填空

1._____ he hasn't finished reading the book about space.

2.They have ____ watched a wonderful football match.

3.--Have you finished your homework _____?

-- Not ____. I need another hour.

4.Gina has ____seen the film twice.

5.My grandmother has ____ been to the Great Wall.

6.Linda has ever travelled around Europe _____.

要表達某一行為或狀態(tài)從過去某一時間一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，我們也可借助現(xiàn)在完成時，通常要與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用，這類狀語通常由for或since(自從)引導。for后接一段時間，如：for a long time,for five years等;since后接表示過去的時間點，如：since 2003, sincetwo years ago, since last Friday等。另外since也可引導一個時間狀語從句，這個從句要用一般過去時，它前面的主句用現(xiàn)在完成時。

三：用for或since填空

1.Mrs. Smith has been in Beijing ____ a long time.

2.They've been good friends ____ they were little kids.

3.Kate has been a member of the dancing club ____ two years ago.

4.He has studied at No. 1 Middle School ____ three years.

5.The boy has been ill ____ last Friday.

上文提到的“for和since+時間點或從句”都表示段時間，此時句子的謂語動詞需要用延續(xù)性動詞(即動詞所表示的動作可以持續(xù)一段時間)，常見的延續(xù)性動詞有：learn(學習); work(工作); live(居住); know(知道); walk(散步); watch(觀看); sleep(睡覺); stay(呆，逗留); wait(等候，等待); keep(保持); last(持續(xù))等等。

常見的非延續(xù)性動詞有：open(打開);close(關(guān)閉); die(死，去世); leave(離開); begin(開始); come(來); go(去); borrow(借入); lend(借出，借給); buy(買); move(移動); join(加入)等等。非延續(xù)性動詞可以用現(xiàn)在完成時，說明某個動作的結(jié)果還存在，但不能和段時間連用。在否定句中非延續(xù)性動詞可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。

非延續(xù)性動詞可以和延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換：

(1)轉(zhuǎn)換成與其意思相對應的延續(xù)性動詞

buy-- have; borrow--- keep; put on--- wear;

catch a cold--- have a cold have got--- have

(2)轉(zhuǎn)換成“be+形容詞、副詞、介詞、名詞”的形式。

come/go/arrive--- be in/at +地點

begin/start--- be on finish/end/stop--- be over

open--- be open close--- be closed

die--- be dead leave--- be away

fall asleep--- be asleep join --- be a member of/ be in

come back--- be back become--- be

wake up --- be awake

四：延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞的練習

1. --- How long have you ___ you cap? Itlooks cool.

--- About two weeks.

A. borrowed B. bought C. hadD. lent

2. -- Where are the teachers now?

-- In the meeting room. They ____ themeeting for 10 minutes.

A. have begun B. have been on

C.have had D. have been held

3.--Is everyone here, Jonathan?

-- No, Sir. Millie is absent. She____ for twodays.

A. has fallen ill B. has been ill

C. fell ill D. was ill

4.--The new skirt looks good on you. When did you buy it?

-- OnJuly 7th. I ____ it for a week.

A. have bought B. have had C. boughtD. buy

5.-- It's 20 years since we came back to Liangshan.

-- How time flies! We ____ in our hometownfor such a long time.

A. workB. worked C. has worked D.have worked

6.Bob, you ____ in this city since 2018. How do you like it?

A. livedB. live C. have lived D. lives

7.My father has ____ for five years.

A. diedB. been dead C. dead D. been died

8.We ____ from our hometown for about ten years.

A. have been away B. have left

C. have away D. was away

9.The film ____ for about ten minutes.

A. has begun B. has started C. beganD. has been on

10.The shop _____ since last month.

A. has opened B. has been opened C. openedD. was open

have been(to)與havegone(to)的區(qū)別及用法：

have been(to)表示某人去過某地，已經(jīng)回來了。have gone(to)表示某人去了某地，還沒有回來。(指所談及的人物不在說話地點)

五：用have/hasbeen ; have/has gone填空

1.Lots of astronauts ____ to the space station. They found it very interesting.

2.Yang Liwei is the first astronaut in China who ____ to the moon.

3.-- Mum, where is Dad?

-- He ____ to the supermarket.

4.So far Linda _____ to many countries in Europe.

5.--The Whites _____ to Hong Kong.

-- Oh, really? I ____ never ____ therebefore.

六：綜合練習

1.-The book is popular. ___ you ____ it yet?

-- Yes, I have.

A. Are; reading B. Were; reading C. Have; read D. Will; read

2.My uncle ____ to Canada last week. He ____ there three times.

A. went; had gone B. has gone; has gone

C. has been; had gone D. went; has been

3.Ourschool life ____ a lot since 2017. We have more activities now.

A. changesB. changed C. will change D. has changed

4.– The air here is much fresher than before.

-- Exactly! We ___ a lot of trees in the pastfew years.

A. plantedB. were planting C. haveplanted D. will plant

5.-- ____ do you sleep every day, Eric?

-- For about eight hours.

A. How muchB. How long C. How often D. How fast

6.In the past 70 years, China ____ historic changes and made great achievements.

A. experienced B. has experienced

C. experiences D. would experience

7.It is said that the number of forest parks in Guangdong ____ to more than 1,000so far.

A. increaseB. increased C. hasincreased D. will in crease

8.-- ____ you ____ out the problem, Sam?

-- Not yet, but I’m going to.

A. Have; worked B. Are; working C. Did; workD. Will; work

9.Miss Smith isn’t here. She ___ the library.

A. has been to B. has gone to C. is going to D. goes

10.My father ____ a panda protection center since 2010, so he knows a lot aboutpandas.

A. workB. worked C. is working D. has worked

答案：

一：把下列動詞變成過去分詞：

1. entered 2. afforded 3. invited4. tried 5. stopped

6. smelled/smelt 7.sent 8. dreamed/dreamt 9. done

10. got 11. felt 12. made

二:用just，before，so far，never，already, yet填空

1.So far 2. just 3. yet; yet4. already 5. never 6. before

三：用for或since填空

1. for 2. since3. since 4. for 5. since

四：延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞的練習

1--5 C C B B C 6--10 C B AD B

五：用have/hasbeen ; have/has gone填空

1. have been 2. hasbeen 3. has gone

4. has been 5. has gone;have been

六：綜合練習1--5 C D D C B 6--10B C A B D

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