初中英語--賓語從句專項復習

復習內(nèi)容：賓語從句考點歸納

復習目標：

1、掌握引導賓語從句的各種連詞

2、掌握賓語從句的語序主句+連接詞+主語+謂語

3、掌握賓語從句，主句與從句在時態(tài)上的呼應。

重點：語序和時態(tài)呼應

難點：語序和時態(tài)呼應;與疑問詞+不定式的轉化;與狀語從句的辨析

考點梳理：

一、　　賓語從句的連接詞：

1、　　連詞that，只起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，也無詞匯意義，在口語中常被省略。

eg. He knew (that) he should work hard.

2、　　連詞if 、whether，它們起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，作是否解，在口語中多用if。

eg. Tom dont know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.

He asked me whether or not I was coming.

一般情況下，if 和whether可以互換，但以下3種情況只能用whether：

①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.

②在介詞前：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain.

③與or not連用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.

3、　　連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which，連接副詞when, where, why, how， 它們起連接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意義

。

eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.

I wonder where he got so much money.

【注意】1、由連接代、副詞引導的賓語從句可以和疑問詞+不定式結構轉化。

eg. I dont know how I should do with the presents. I dont know how to do with the presents.

2、要注意區(qū)分判斷由if、when引導的從句類型.

二、　　賓語從句的語序：

賓語從句的語序是陳述語序，即連接詞+主語+謂語+其它成分。特別強調：它的主語和謂語的語序是陳述語序，而不是疑問句的倒裝結

構。

Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(╳)

Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( )

The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在從句中的成分)

陳述句變?yōu)橘e語從句時,要注意人稱和時態(tài)的變化,語序不變。 eg. She said, I will leave a message on the desk. She said

she would leave a message on the desk.

一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句時,也要注意人稱和時態(tài)的變化,后面接陳述語序。Eg. Where are the tickets? I asked him.

I asked him where the tickets are.

三、　　賓語從句的時態(tài)呼應：

賓語從句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)，常常受到主句謂語時態(tài)的制約，此為時態(tài)呼應。如果主句謂語是一般現(xiàn)在時或將來時，從句謂語的時態(tài)不受

限制;如果主句謂語的時態(tài)是一般過去時，從句一般要隨著改為相應的過去時態(tài)(一般過去時、過去進行時、過去將來時、過去完成時)。

eg. I thought (that) you are free today. (╳)

I thought (that) you would be free today. ( )

【注意】當賓語從句敘述的是客觀真理時，不管主句謂語的時態(tài)如何，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時。

eg. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.

四、　　其他需要說明的問題：

1、　　標點由主句決定，如主句是陳述句、祈使句，則用句號;是疑問句則用問號。

eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take?

2、　　要注意個別句子中主從句人稱的一致。

▲五、 賓語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)分：

eg. 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine tomorrow.

2) I dont know if the train has arrived.

句1中if引導的是狀語從句。這個從句表示條件，修飾主句。整個句子的意思是如果明天天氣好，我就出去。句2中if引導的是賓語從

句，充當謂語動詞dont know的賓語。整個句子的意思是我不知道火車是否已到達。

判斷方法：

1、可以從整個句式看。狀語從句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面(個別除外)，賓語從句只能放在主句謂語動詞之后。

2、從引導詞看。if充當賓語從句的連接詞時，相當于whether， 詞義為是否，充當狀語從句的連接詞時，詞義為如果。when充當

賓語從句的連接詞時，意為什么時候， 充當狀語從句的連接詞時，意為當?shù)臅r候

3.從時態(tài)看。if和when作連接詞時，引導賓語從句要注意：從句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)應根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)作相應的變化。if和when充當從屬連

詞時，引導條件和時間狀語從句，若主句的謂語動詞用一般將來時，則從句的時態(tài)應用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。

e.g. I think (that) differences are not important in a friendship.

An old lady said (that) she found a job as a foreign language teacher.

They dont know if (是否)we are going hiking next weekend

Could you tell me when (什么時候)the train arrives ?

Well go to the Great Wall if (如果) it doesnt rain tomorrow.

=If doesnt rain tomorrow, well go to the Great Wall.

They knew each other when(當時候)they were children.

=When they were children

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