來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 作者:中考網(wǎng)整理 2020-02-18 16:27:31
(1)needn't 意為“不必”。如:You needn't meet him unless you'd like to.你不需要見他,除非你愿意。
(2)needn't+have+動詞的過去分詞,表不需要完成但已完成的動作,暗含時(shí)間或精力上的浪費(fèi)。
如:You needn't have bought it. 你沒必要買它(但你卻買了)。
5.shouldn't表示不應(yīng)該。
如:You shouldn't feel so unhappy over such little things. 對于這種小事,你不應(yīng)該感到這么不高興。
04
情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)
含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為:情態(tài)動詞+be+done(動詞的過去分詞)。
做題時(shí)要兼顧情態(tài)動詞和被動語態(tài)這兩個(gè)方面。
如:You needn't get up so early every day.你不必每天都起這么早。
She shouldn't speak to her mother in that way.她不應(yīng)該用那種方式和媽媽說話。
More and more trees must be planted in China.在中國必須種植更多的樹木。
Many of the stars can not be seen because they are far away from us.很多星星我們都看不到,因?yàn)樗鼈冸x我們太遠(yuǎn)了。
1.“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形”表示對現(xiàn)在的推測。
(1)can表示推測時(shí)一般用于否定句或疑問句。
如:That man can't be her husbandshe is still single.
Who is knocking at the door?Can it be the postman?
(2)must表示肯定的推測,一般用于肯定句中。
如:He must be in his office now.
Mr Li must be working now,for the lights in his office are still on.
(3)might表示推測時(shí)不一定是may的過去時(shí),只是表示其可能性較小。
如:The man may be the headmaster.
—Where is Mr Li?
—He might be working in his office.
—May Mr Li come?
—He might not come here.
(4)Could表示推測時(shí),語氣can比要弱,說話者留有余地。
如:—Could it be an animal?
—It could not be,because it is not moving.
(5)Should表示推測的可能性比較大,僅比must的可能性 小一點(diǎn)。如:It is already 10 o'clock now they should be there.
2.情態(tài)動詞表示對過去可能發(fā)生的動作或存在過的動作的推測性用法。
(1)“must +have done/been”表示“過去一定發(fā)生過某事或存在過某種狀態(tài)”,不用于“musn’t+have”形式。
如:She must have seen the film before,hasn't she?(注意反意疑問句的后半部分)
You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday,didn't you? (注意反意疑問句的后半部分)
(2)“should +have done /been”表示“本應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事,而實(shí)際上并沒有做”;
“ shouldn't+完成式”表示“本來不應(yīng)當(dāng)做,而實(shí)際上卻做了”。以上結(jié)構(gòu)常帶有說話者的責(zé)備的感情色彩。
如:You should have finished your homework earlier (but in fact you did not finish it on time).
You shouldn't have gone to bed when you woke up at five (but in fact you went to bed again then).
(3)“needn't+完成式”表示“本來沒有必要做某事,而實(shí)際上卻做了”。如:There was plenty of time.She needn't have hurried.
(4)“can't /couldn't+have done /been”表示“過去不可能發(fā)生了某事或存在過某種狀態(tài)”。
如:I saw him just now.He can't have gone to Japan.
She said the man couldn't have stolen her car.
(5)“could+have done/been”表示“過去本來能夠,可以做某事或成為某種狀態(tài),而實(shí)際上沒有”,說話者有些遺憾。“could sb. have done /been-------?”是它的問句形式。
如:You could have stayed with the Smiths while you were in New York (but in fact you stayed in a nearby hotel.) Could Mr Li have helped this girl student?
(6)“may/might+完成式”表示“過去可能,本來可以于某事而實(shí)際上沒有干”,might的可能性較小,語氣較弱。
如:He may have finished reading the book.
She might have given you some help,however bus she was.
05
情態(tài)動詞易混點(diǎn)歸納
易混點(diǎn)一:can和be able to
兩者表示能力時(shí)用法相同,但can只有原形“can”和過去式“could”兩種形式,在其他時(shí)態(tài)中 要用be able to 來表示。另外be able to 常常指經(jīng)過努力,花費(fèi)了時(shí)間和勞力之后才能做到某事。
Jim can't speak English.吉姆不會說英語。
He could speak English at 5. 他五歲時(shí)就會說英語。
We'll be able to see him next week.下星期我們將會見到他。
He has been able to drive. 他已經(jīng)會開車了。
I'm sure you'll be able to finish it quickly.我相信你能迅速地完成。
We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon.我們能在中午到達(dá)山頂。
易混點(diǎn)二:can和may
1.can 和 may 均可用來征求意見或許可,意為“可以”, 一般可互換使用。如:Can/ May I help you ? 我能幫助你嗎?
2.can 和may 表示可能性時(shí)的區(qū)別:
(1)在肯定句中用 might,may,must,不用can
(2)在疑問句中表示推測用can,不用 might,may,must
(3)在否定句中用can't(不可能), 不用 may, must。如:She may be in the classroom . 她可能在教室里。Where can they be now? 他們現(xiàn)在可能在哪兒?That can't be true. 那不可能是真的。
易混點(diǎn)三:may be 和maybe
may be的may為情態(tài)動詞,be為動詞原形,在句中作謂語;
maybe是副詞,意思為大概、也許,相當(dāng)于perhaps,用在句首,作狀語。
例如:He may be wrong,but I’m not sure. 也許他錯(cuò)了,但我也不確定。
易混點(diǎn)四:can't 和 mustn't
1.can't 根據(jù)其基本用法可譯為:
(1)不會。如:I can't speak English . 我不會說英語。
(2)不能。如:We can't do it now because it's too dark.天太黑了,我們現(xiàn)在干不了。
(3)否定句中表示推測。“不可能”,如:The man can't be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher. 那個(gè)人不可能是咱們老師,他年輕得多。
2.mustn't 意為“ 禁止、不許”, 用來表達(dá)命令,表示強(qiáng)烈的語氣。
You mustn't play football in the street. It’s too dangerous.
你不可以在街上踢足球,太危險(xiǎn)了。
易混點(diǎn)五:must 和 have to
1.must 側(cè)重于個(gè)人意志和主觀上的必要。have to 側(cè)重于客觀上的必要,可用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)和將來時(shí)。
I know I must study hard.我知道我必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night.我弟弟病得厲害,我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請來。
I haven't got any money with me,so I'll have to borrow some from my friend.我身上沒帶錢,只好向朋友借點(diǎn)了。
He said they must work hard.他說他們必須努力工作。
2.have to可以用于多種時(shí)態(tài);而must只用于一般現(xiàn)在或?qū)怼?br />
如:The composition is due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night. 作文今天早晨到期,因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。
易混點(diǎn)六:used to do/be used to doing/be used to do…/be used for doing sth
used to do表示過去常常發(fā)生的動作,強(qiáng)調(diào)過去,只用于過去,注意用to do,不用doing形式;而be used to doing意為“習(xí)慣做…”,be可有各種時(shí)態(tài);be used to do意為“……被使用去做……” 為被動語態(tài)形式;be used for doing sth“用作……” 。
如:My father used to eating meat.我父親過去起床晚,但現(xiàn)在不得不早起了。
She is used to eating meat.她習(xí)慣吃肉。
He wasn't used to eating in a restaurant.他不習(xí)慣在飯店吃飯。
A knife can be used for cutting things.(刀可以用來割東西) A knife can be used to cut things.(刀可以用來割東西)
06
情態(tài)動詞例題解析
1.—________ you pass me a pen? I'd like to write down the phone number.
—Sure. Here it is.
A. Can B. Need C. Might D. Must
【解析】由題干可知,本句表示請求、許可。答案:A。
2.—May I go to the cinema, mum?
—Certainly, but you ________ be back by 11 o'clock.
A. can B. may C. must D. need
【解析】由題意可知, 此處并非表推測的用法, 而是媽媽對孩子提出的要求, 故選C, 意為“必須”。答案:C。
3.You ______ get there by bus.
A.don't need B.needn't to C.don't need to D.need don't to
【解析】由選項(xiàng)A 可知need為實(shí)義動詞,故應(yīng)加上to才正確。選項(xiàng) B的needn't為情態(tài)動詞,應(yīng)去掉to,故選 C。
4.You _______ worry about me. It's nothing serious.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. won't
【解析】由題干It's nothing serious可推斷,第一句意為“你不必為我擔(dān)心”,故選C。本題易錯(cuò)選B, mustn't 意為“禁止”,故不正確。答案:C。
5.—Excuse me.Is this the right way to the Summer Please?
—Sorry, I'm not sure. But it _______ be.
A. might B.mustn't C.can't D.must
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